Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C).
Gently wash your cauliflower and trim its stem and outer leaves, being careful not to cut into the florets. Place it stem-side up in a Dutch oven or a large, oven-safe dish.
In a small bowl, whisk together the olive oil, grated Parmesan cheese, melted butter, grated garlic, smoked paprika, dried thyme, salt, and black pepper until well combined. This is your delicious coating!
Pour about half of your flavorful mixture onto the underside of the cauliflower. Use a brush to spread it thoroughly, making sure to get into all the little crevices.
Carefully flip the cauliflower over. Brush the rest of the mixture all over the top and sides, ensuring every part of the cauliflower is wonderfully coated.
Cover your dish (with a lid or aluminum foil) and bake in the preheated oven for 30 minutes. This steaming helps it get tender.
Remove the cover and increase your oven temperature to 425°F (220°C). Bake for another 15 minutes, or until the cauliflower is beautifully golden brown and fork-tender.
Let the roasted cauliflower cool for a few minutes. Then, slice it into wedges and serve this impressive, healthy dish!